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Demand-side energy policies can fall short of achieving desired outcomes if they are not designed around realistic assumptions of human psychology and behaviour.

There are common behavioural pitfalls that demand-side energy policies or programmes face. The following checklists provide actionable insights and case studies to help you address these challenges and design behaviourally informed policies and programmes right from the start.

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Build and sustain new habits

Existing habits often make it difficult for citizens to adopt a green technology, change their energy consumption patterns, or switch to a new mode of transport. Learn what your policy or programme can do to help citizens form new habits and sustain them over time.

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Address knowledge and ability gaps

Sometimes, people might simply lack the knowledge, skill, or ability to engage in the desired behaviour. Explore behavioural techniques that can help you address such knowledge and ability gaps.

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Use positive social influence

Citizens or businesses might not engage in the desired behaviour because they incorrectly believe that others do not do so either. Learn how to leverage positive social influence to improve compliance with your policy or programme.

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Simplify administrative processes

Complex application processes to incentive or grant programmes can feel intimidating and lead citizens to drop out. Learn how to reduce drop-outs by making administrative processes more user-friendly.

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Increase public acceptance

Citizens might distrust the institution or the figure that promotes the policy or programme, which might reduce their willingness to engage in the desired behaviour. Learn how to increase public trust and increase public compliance.

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Make energy-efficiency attractive

Citizens and businesses might not engage in energy-efficient behaviours if the behaviours do not convey any immediate benefits. Learn how to make the desired behaviours more attractive.

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Communicate effectively

People might not pay attention to the new programme or policy or simply not be aware of its existence. Learn how to communicate the desired action effectively to the public.

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Increase compliance

Laws or regulations can fall short of their intended outcomes because people might believe that they are not enforced effectively or that sanctions for breaking them are insignificant. Learn how to increase compliance in such instances.

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Foster positive attitudes

Citizens might initially take a negative stance towards the new policy or programme. Explore how to foster positive attitudes.

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Pull the right motivational levers

Policies and programmes that offer financial incentives might in fact dissuade certain individuals from engaging with the desired behaviour. Learn why this is the case and how you can use different motivational levers to prevent backfiring.

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Encourage green purchases

Citizens or businesses might be reticent to switch to new technology if they invested significant resources in their current technology. Learn how to help citizens overcome attachment to past investments and encourage green purchases.

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Encourage commitment

Even if a policy or programme is seen favourably by the public, individuals might simply not have enough willpower to engage in the desired behaviour. Learn how to help citizens and businesses formulate commitments to keep up with their intentions.